High Speed Transmission - Fiber Weave Effect
隨著傳輸速度持續上升(5Gbps and beyond!),慢慢開始看到各大SoC廠商警告"Fiber Weave Effect"將會影響到較長的高速差分訊號。而究竟什麼是Fiber Weave Effect? 這要從PCB介電層結構看起,各層介電層在製造上其實是將一條條的玻璃材質編織線"上下、垂直地"交織而成,再依據所需的厚度和介電常數有不同的材質和密度可選擇(如圖)。 當一組高速差分訊號走在PCB上時,如上圖 紅色 藍色 線條組成一對差分走線 。 若仔細觀察就會發現當其中一條 長距離走在編織空隙 上時,其所對應到的 Er 值會將大於另一條訊號線,而 Er 值不同代表的結果是Time skew or phase skew(眼圖閉合、CMRR下降),進而失去差分訊號提高Bit rate的功用。這種因 介電層玻璃編織對高速差分走線造成的現象即為Fiber weave effect,且其編織密 度愈疏, 其造成的影響愈嚴重! 借用 網路上找到的資料 : Fiber weave effect is a statistical problem. It is not uncommon for PCB designs to have long parallel lengths of track routing without any bends or jogs. This is particularly true in large passive backplane designs. Because the fiber weave pattern tends to run parallel to the x-y axis, any traces running the same way will eventually encounter a situation of worst case timing skew if you build enough boards. This was demonstrated by Intel after compiling more than 58,000 TDR and TDT measurements over two years. In 2007, Jeff Loyer et al presented a